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GSoC 2017 Project Summary: major SNARE/Tanner improvements

23 Oct 2017 Roberto Tanara gsoc snare-tanner
Student Ravinder Nehra contributed this post as a project summary of his GSoC2017 experience

MySQL Emulator

Previously, Tanner supported SQL Injection using SQLITE but since MySQL is widely used so it is badly needed in my opinion. Also with MySQL, Time-based Blind SQLI can be emulated which can’t be done in SQLITE based emulator. It is implemented using aiosql library using the same approach used in SQLITE emulation previously.

  1. MySQLI emulator  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/d79e1b6a34906d2527214ed19364c8d7f8edddc3
  2. Change default DB and update documentation  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/7acfbc0792646a49be6f5330754b6cccabdcd3a1
  3. Add new SQLI tests  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/19bfd57d73c74994533185e92f40d25428f3b31f

Command Execution Emulator

This emulator emulates Command Execution/Injection vulnerability.It is implemented using docker considering its safety features. I used Busybox as default docker image which provides a nice Linux shell, file system and most importantly very light in size. Attack is identified using the regex .*(alias|cat|cd|cp|echo|exec|find|for|grep|ifconfig|ls|man|mkdir|netstat|ping|ps|pwd|uname|wget|touch|while).* and then injected in the busbox docker image to get command injecion results.

  1. Command exec emulator  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/6beb6275c5a10954ff5402e1ff04941213ffe42e
  2. Docs  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/cc769fdf64b91d9369847c1a61923f1c2534315a
  3. Fix Docker freezing  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/9e20f5b880f9080e0d961ef3ae725519a25a9485
  4. Tests  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/8f096c728e4fd013f9cf3e75f4c6190d8cfc43ef

Base Emulator Architecture

The previous base emulator didn’t specify a standard way of adding new emulator and the addition of each new emulator make it messier. So I designed a new architecture. This architecture follows find and emulate approach where each emulator has a scan method.

  • The base emulator calls scan method of each emulator against each GET, POSTparameter and COOKIE value.
  • Then the base emulator calls the emulator’s handle which returned a positive response.
  • The handle method returns payload and a boolean value that tells whether we have to inject the payload into the same page or a new page.
  • Depending upon the boolean value, the payload is injected into the most recently visited page.
  1. Architecture  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/6471d69c560b580b21106282f895f50021dc4310
  2. Cookie support for attacks  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/4df7fcbea6403711146a8a767e6a861c5e9da0e4
  3. Payload Injection page  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/df372e53b83a1603239b14c3200e6b7149b4734b

Padding Oracle Emulator

I’m thinking of implementing padding oracle emulator through cookies but Tanner didn’t support attacks through cookies, so first I implemented this feature. But then I was a little confused about what cookie should I set which can be attacked. It becomes a difficult task as we don’t have an authentication mechanism which uses cookies. Currently, it has been left on hold.

  1. Issue #154

LFI Emulator

Previously LFI emulator didn’t support proc emulation. So to fix it and make LFI emulator more efficient LFI emulator is reimplemented using docker.

  1. Code  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/64fcf8d549e30b5aa902a281187500d5dd37af47

Tanner API

It involves improving the functionality of tanner api by adding more methods to it. The following new functionalities were added:

  • Get a session info from its sess-uuid
  • Get all the sessions using the filters ip, time-duration, user-agent , owner-type, attack_type
  • Get stats of a snare using its snare-uuid A new API server is formed to make it accesible only from localhost.
  1. API functions  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/d89834196cc36833cd5f0bbd38a1b3222db2aa6d
  2. API docs  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/fc9dc6f329bf66d627c631a1ec71a2530a802ae0
  3. New API Server  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/0297c84b92e344fda5c267a5dc5ab1d83e96192b
  4. Tests  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/29da6bd41974acadce12c3bb1608ef6ae415dcdc

Tanner UI

It involves building a UI for tanner so that data captured by the honeypot can be shown in a well-formatted manner. The following pages were developed :

  • Page showing list of all snares connected to the Tanner
  • Page showing stats of a particular snare
  • Page showing list of session affiliated to a snare with custom filters
  • Page showing detailed information about a session

Jinja template along with aiohttp server are used for development.

  1. UI code  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/fc629f030e78e76a120558b265c6f5b8540a1e8b
  2. Docs  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/bf04e93fa3bfa1563d9d893def832e4103bc27e4
  3. Improvements  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/50b19e8bdf0ecf8f89b95e3e37992afc638c11e7

PHP Code Injection Emulator

It emulates PHP code injection vulnerability. Usually, this type of vulnerability is found where user input is directly passed to functions like eval, assert. To mimic the functionality, user input is converted to the following code <?php eval('$a = user_input'); ?> and then passed to phpox to get php code emulation results.

  1. Code  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/d063e77daf801082ddaafcc1e8cbb6400bc63326

Snare-Tanner Communication

It provides a defined format of how Tanner’s response should be structured so that snare can parse it easily. This is the new response structure. This also added the functionality to return payload in headers.

Case 1 (where you need to return the page normally)detection = {		type : 1        }Case 2 (inject payload in the page)detection = {		type : 2,payload = {		page : ‘/vuln.php’,		value : ‘<script>alert(1)</script>’		headers : {				new_header : ‘new_header_value’			     }	      }        }Case 3 (where input cause some error so return related to the type of error produced   e.g if input takes more time than expected then return 50X) detection = {		type : 3,                payload = {		                  status_code : 500/504                                 }        }
  1. Tanner Code  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/b3d5ec066e8f0e224a272c6c0827f0c62adb30e8
  2. Fix  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/3dde5e70a05822faf08d6b841c203f9593b68425
  3. Snare code  https://github.com/mushorg/snare/commit/9a9797a64cf686e940dba920b7b46f248fb8d521

CRLF Emulator

It emulates CRLF vulnerability. The attack is detected using \r\n pattern in the input. The parameter which looks suspicious is injected as a header with parameter name as header name and param value as header value.

  1. Code  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/4e3e4ae45e55589886531a1597e854add690c457
  2. Tests  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/3f1473126de5310234db751ced99749e4efd72a0
  3. Docs  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/d2bea46dd3588f30bd95c447f301fd72de00b9ea

Other

  1. Fix docker issue  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/5b0ed9ca91c7f08ac7101aa73ec2be957492b1e2
  2. Fix session’s attack type attribute bug  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/40062b8f28351b82a9b7e7cdd09ff47553a66e81
  3. The databases (used in SQLI) and dockers (used in LFI and CMD EXEC) remain in the system even after shutdown. It deletes these unwanted things.  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/150c05caf945026836c5a9844540e4f93a66a976
  4. Make emulator set flexible. Now user can select which vulnerabilities Tanner will emulate using config file easily.  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/e82d5e49435a0fc073e7693743690aa93dc52bf9
  5. Fix config structure  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/79639f8c563565c6b7baedc1aa786855f87d9d27
  6. Add an option in config so that user can specify the size of poolsize used for Redis connection.  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/a88bbdc31c1ebda0c00b57abfc033081e1821845
  7. Add an option to get phpox address from config and return tanner version to snare  https://github.com/mushorg/tanner/commit/00d0bede873bedcd832737ab49539ecfeaecb92d